Types

Milling machines that separate the seeds, hulls, or foreign material from cotton.

Facilities for processing cotton and creating cotton fabrics, including spinning and weaving machinery. Such mills particularly flourished 1775-1930.

Low, outdoor stone seats built into the landscapes of gardens or parks and used as places for discussions, drama, dances and other social activities.

The domains or territories of counts. In current usage, usually refers to particular divisions that have been made to an area for administrative, judicial, and political purposes. In Britain, counties are defined by various official methods, and serve as the most important divisional units in the country. In the United States, counties are the political and administrative divisions below the state and above the city; a few U.S. states call such divisions "districts" or "parishes" rather than "counties."

Clubs, including the premises and grounds, that are located in or near the countryside rather than in an urban environment, and that are typically characterized by having a restricted membership and facilities for recreation and social intercourse.

Houses in the country as opposed to an urban area, especially houses that are large, have substantial property, and are used seasonally. For the entire residential estate, including the house, outbuildings, and properties, use "estates (residential complexes)."

Public buildings in the United States that house county-level judicial and administrative facilities; for structures that house similar functions in the United Kingdom, use "county halls."

Public buildings in the United Kingdom that house various county functions, often comprising a large hall for public meetings and rooms for county courts and administration; for structures housing similar judicial functions in the United States, use "county courthouses."

Buildings or spaces for museums that are administered by the county, an administrative subdivision in the U.S., the U.K., and other nations.

Museums that are administered by the county, an administrative subdivision in the U.S., the U.K., and other nations.

The seat of government of a county.

Two closely spaced windows which form a pair.

Buildings that contain rooms for courts of law and often judges' chambers and other offices.

Refers to rooms, usually in courthouses, where sessions of a court of law are held.

Quadrangular spaces either walled or otherwise marked off for playing one of various games usually with a ball.

Houses with internal courtyards of any configuration or design. For houses with internal courtyards having impluvia but no colonnades, use "atrium houses"; for houses with internal courtyards with colonnades, use "peristyle houses."

Uncovered areas, surrounded or partially surrounded by the walls of a building.

Timber-truss structures carrying a roadway or railroad track over a river or other obstacle, characterized by the roof and siding forming an almost complete enclosure to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. There is no evidence of timber-truss bridges, with or without covering, in the ancient world; however, drawings survive of covered bridges dating from the 14th century and later in Europe. In North America covered timber bridges were common in the 18th through early 20th centuries, although they were gradually being replaced by metal truss bridges, which required no covering.

Covered outdoor walkways.

Denotes small rounded indentations in a coastline, smaller than bays and generally characterized by a narrow entrance.

An enclosed building of relatively modest size used for sheltering or stabling cows or bulls. For a large structure used to shelter dozens or more animals, use "dairy barns" or "cattle barns." For a structure with at least one open side, use "cowsheds."

Towns that are market centers for cattle; also used to refer to isolated, provincial small towns.

Small spaces provided in a building in order to be able to gain access to plumbing, wiring, and other equipment.

Bodies of water, smaller than a stream.

No description is available for this term.

Side-gabled vernacular buildings of simple massing, normally having their front walls moved inward to make an integral porch under a single steep roofline; the form was originally brought to Louisiana by French Canadian (Acadian) immigrants with a knowledge of long-span roof framing techniques.

Multiple dwellings composed of row houses whose facades in plan follow the concave arc of a circle or ellipse.

Generally very small barns comprised of one or more cribs or pens, constructed of small-diameter, rough-hewn logs serving various functions, such as food or equipment storage or animal shelter. For similar small wooden structures exclusively for storing corn, use "corncribs."

Facilities that provide emergency social services and temporary housing in times of personal or family crisis.

Gables set parallel to the roof ridge.

Towers over the crossings of churches.

Pairs of naturally curved timbers that rise from the ground or outer walls of buildings to support a ridge beam; joined at the top and connected by tie beams.

Subterranean rooms or entire stories in churches, often serving as places of burial.

Dead-end streets that have circular turn-around areas at their ends.

Public buildings, sites, or complexes set aside for activities related to the culture of an area, such as music, dance, drama, or fine arts.

Administrative bodies overseeing or promoting activities related to the culture of an area, such as music, dance, drama, or fine arts.

Designates land and water areas significantly altered or modified by human actions; used in contrast to "natural landscapes," that designate areas where human effects, if present, are not ecologically significant to the regions as a whole.

Heritage sites and the lands related to them committed to providing a cultural, recreational, and cultural resource for the public at large.

Historical itineraries such as the Silk Road across Asia or the St. James pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela recognized as heritage sites by administrative bodies such as the Council of Europe and UNESCO. Some are developed as scenic routes for cultural tourism.

Drainage structures that extend across and beneath roadways, canals, embankments, or traveled ways other than bridges.

Generally refers to small domes, often resembling overturned cups or bulbs, placed on a circular, polygonal, or square base or on small pillars or a glassed-in lantern or skylight. A cupola is typically used to crown a turret, roof, or larger dome. The term may also refer specifically to the inner vault of a dome. When these structures are intended to be used as lookouts, prefer "belvederes"; for windowed superstructures on roofs or domes used to admit light or air to the space below, use "lanterns (roof appendages)." To refer specifically to onion-shaped domes of any size, use "onion domes."

Shops that specialize in objects of art or bric-à-brac, valued as curiosities or for their rarity.

Nonbearing walls supported by the members of a rigid frame structure, such as a reinforced concrete or steel frame, and therefore serving to enclose but not to support. Nonbearing walls supported by the members of a rigid frame structure, such as a reinforced concrete or steel frame, and therefore serving to enclose but not to support.

Government office buildings where customs and duties are paid or collected and where vessels are recorded and cleared.

Country houses, summer houses, or villas in Russia.

Farm buildings, generally of the 17th to early 19th century, where dairy products are made and stored, usually supervised by country ladies. Distinguished from "dairy plants" by their lack of mechanization. For subsidiary agricultural buildings devoted primarily to the care of milk, whether mechanized or not, prefer "milk houses."

Relatively large structures for sheltering and milking dairy cows, typically with at least a few dozen stalls and milking equipment; for smaller structures to house only a few cows, use "cow house"; for large structures used to provide beef cattle housing, use "cattle barns"; for shelters with one or more open sides, use "cowsheds."

Farms chiefly devoted to the raising of dairy cattle and the production of milk, butter, and cheese.

Buildings built after the early 19th century, not found only on farms, for the mechanized processing, storing, or selling of milk and milk products. Distinguished from "dairies (non-mechanized)" by the use of mechanization. For subsidiary agricultural buildings devoted primarily to the care of milk, often with little or no mechanization, prefer "milk houses."

Raised indoor platforms at or along one end of halls or similar large rooms as places of honor or prominence, as would be reserved for dignitaries, officers, or speakers. For, usually smaller, indoor or outdoor raised platforms used by speakers or conductors, prefer "podiums (platforms)."

Barriers to confine, control, or obstruct the flow of water.

Large rooms or buildings set aside for dancing, but which may be used for other social functions. Distinguished from "ballrooms" by their less formal nature.

Rooms freed from light or lighted by a safelight for handling and processing light-sensitive materials.

No description is available for this term.

Stones on which the date of the construction of a building is inscribed, located on the exterior of the building. Date stones may appear over the main entrance, on a cornerstone, or in other locations on the building.

Camps providing care and activities for children during daylight hours, usually including outdoor activities during warm seasons, but not including overnight housing.

Buildings housing professionally-run facilities that care for groups of preschool children on a partial or full-day basis, usually while their parents are at work, but differing from nursery schools in typically offering no formal education to the children.

Buildings housing educational institutions, usually elementary or secondary schools, where classes are held only on weekdays and that do not provide any boarding facilities.

Buildings that house places of detention primarily for debtors.

Truss bridges having the roadway or track on top of the trusses.

Uncovered wood or metal platforms, usually attached to structures and often raised off the ground or on rooftops.

Stores selling foods already prepared or requiring little preparation for serving, such as cooked meats, cheeses, and salads, to be taken out or to be eaten on the premises.

Alluvial deposits at the mouths of rivers commonly forming nearly flat, fan-shaped plains of considerable area traversed by many separate branches of water.

Small, private, informal rooms in houses or apartments used for work, reading, or relaxation.

Buildings that house clinics specializing in the examination and treatment of issues having to do with teeth and gums.

Spaces where teeth are examined, X-rayed, cleaned, extracted, cavities filled, and other minor surgeries are performed on teeth by or under the supervision of a dentist; they typically include a waiting room and a room or rooms with a chair and other equipment for the examination of patients.

Buildings that house schools devoted to training dentists.

Bands of small, rectangular, toothlike blocks, usually along the underside of a cornice; a characteristic ornament of classical and classicizing styles.

Large stores selling many different kinds of articles arranged in different departments or areas of the store.

Territories or other administrative bodies that are subject to the control of another nation, while yet remaining outside the official boundaries of that nation.

Buildings, lots, or other facilities where goods, materials, or vehicles are deposited or stored. For facilities where transportation vehicles stop along a route for the purpose of loading and unloading passengers or goods rather than primarily for the storage of vehicles or goods, use "stations."

Broad category of dry regions occurring where rainfall is less than 50 cm per year; usually barren and treeless.

Buildings providing permanent showrooms, galleries, or other display spaces for designers' work or for vendors of products for the design professions.

Studios in which one or more master designers create designs, supervise assistants, and instruct pupils.

Places of relatively short confinement for youthful offenders pending transfer or trial.

Areas designated, usually by a governmental agency, as appropriate for industrial and economic development, often to improve stagnant economies and bring employment opportunities into the region.

Embankments built along a river or sea and set at some distance from it to control or retain flood waters. For embankments built only to prevent flooding of low-lying land use "levees."

Restaurants originally built to resemble a railway dining car. They are sometimes prefabricated and often have a long, narrow floor plan; they are further distinguished by serving short-order menu items, and usually having a counter and booths at which customers may eat. They were originally often located along roadways, although today they may also be found in urban environments.

Small dining areas, usually extensions of kitchens or pantries; for such areas when they are extensions of living rooms, use "dining alcoves."

Use both for large dining rooms, as in a college, and for buildings containing a dining hall.

Rooms in private houses or public establishments in which dinner and other principal meals are taken and which are furnished for this purpose.

Schools serving or supported by an ecclesiastical diocese, often including training in theology.

Facilities where the distilling and blending of spirits is carried on, including processes by which evaporation of water and subsequent condensation of the alcoholic beverage is achieved.

Commercial buildings located regionally that combine large warehouse facilities with sales and office spaces.

Territorial divisions as for administrative or electoral purposes, or settlement areas with distinguishing characteristics.

Long narrow excavations, usually with sloping sides, dug in the earth for defense, drainage, or irrigation.

Barriers built across waterways to turn aside all or some of the flow from its usual course into a pipe, trench, or channel, as to bypass construction work.

Highways with a broad median strip extending down the center, designed to prevent collisions and headlight glare from oncoming traffic. Highways with a broad median strip extending down the center, designed to prevent collisions and headlight glare from oncoming traffic.

Artificial basins excavated and often built up with masonry or another material, and often fitted with flood-gates, into which boats or ships are received for purposes of landing, loading and unloading, or for repair. The earliest known docks date to ca. 2500 BCE in Egypt. The plural term is often used to refer to a single such artificial basin. When such spaces are unoccupied and are alongside a landing place, use "berths (waterfront spaces)"; use "slips (waterfront spaces)" when such water spaces are unoccupied and set between adjacent piers or perpendicular to landing places. Use "dockyards" for the group of landing places in ports or for port facilities as a whole. For the structures that surround a dock, excluding the space occupied by water, prefer "piers (marine landings)" or "wharves." For structures used for docking for various purposes, use "dry docks," "wet docks," or "floating docks." Distinguished from the structures, "docks (general waterside structures)," which in casual, modern usage may refer to any waterside structure supporting people or their activities.

Small houses or dwellings for a dog or a small number of dogs. For larger structures intended to house many dogs, use "kennels (animal housing)."

Houses in which two pens are separated by a passageway, and the whole is covered by a single roof. Originally constructed of logs, they may now be built from any material, the passageway being the prime characteristic of these houses.

Refers to passages, sharing a roof common with the rest of the building, connecting two parts of a log house of the American folk architecture tradition. Distinguished from "breezeways" by its folk architecture and log house context and its common roof.

Multipurpose boating structures consisting of a group of piles driven close together and bound firmly into a single cluster, placed at the entrance of a dock or along a quay, wharf, or beach.

Rounded vaults comprising spheres or portions of spheres sitting on circular, elliptical, or polygonal bases, forming the roof of any building or part of a building. They are constructed so that they exert equal thrust in all directions.

Refers to the architectural order characterized by columns generally without bases, relatively simple capitals, and a frieze composed of alternating triglyphs and metopes.

Structures projecting from a sloping roof usually housing a window or ventilating louver.

Buildings containing a number of rooms or suites that provide shelter in a communal environment, particularly those at a school, monastery, orphanage, or other such facility.

Buildings containing a number of rooms or suites that provide shelter in a communal environment, particularly those at a school, monastery, orphanage, or other such facility.

Rooms containing a number of beds and serving as communal sleeping quarters, as in an institution, fraternity house, or passenger ship.

Houses with separate dwelling units for two individual families placed side by side and separated horizontally by party walls. When the units are set one above the other use "duplex houses."