Athens was established as the seat of Henderson County in 1850, four years after the county was formed. This, the fourth courthouse, is a red brick, three-story, classical scheme on a raised basement, with a cross-axial plan, expressed by four porticoes, each with four Tuscan columns and steep pediments. The wings between the porticos, however, project at angles, giving the courthouse an “X”-shaped massing. The small ribbed dome has virtually no drum, making it hidden at the near distance by the pediments.
The former Henderson County Jail (1925; 201 E. Larkin Street) now houses the Henderson County Historical Commission. Dallas-based H. A. Overbeck designed the two-story, dark red brick structure. The crenellated parapet is a remnant of the medieval castle mode typically used for jails in previous decades. The jail was used until 1991.