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Place-based Essays

Essays in SAH Archipedia are broadly grouped as either place-based or thematic. Place-based essays include overviews of architecture in specific U.S. states and cities. Thematic essays examine architectural and urban issues within and across state and regional boundaries. Like individual building entries, essays are accompanied by rich subject metadata, so you can browse them by style, type, and period. SAH Archipedia essays are comprised of peer-reviewed scholarship (born-digital and print-based) contributed by architectural historians nationwide.

Atlantic

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The town is situated on a low hill just east of the Nishnabotna River. It was platted in 1868, and the following year it was connected to the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railroad. Atlantic's original plat laid out its principal street, Chestnut Street, with a 100-...

Audubon

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The town's plan centers on a large, open park that is approached on one side by two blocks of commercial buildings. On the opposite side, two public buildings—one of them the Audubon County Courthouse of 1938–1939—look out onto the park. The courthouse was designed by the...

Avoca

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Within gently rolling terrain just east of the Nishnabotna River is the community of Avoca. In the downtown, on Elm Street south of Crocker Street, is a two-story commercial building now occupied by the Home Federal Savings and Loan (1900). On the second floor, two pediments...

Battle Creek

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Noteworthy in Battle Creek is the bank building (1912) at the northwest corner of Main and First Street Southeast. This Beaux-Arts design looks to the Greek Hellenistic tradition rather than to Rome. The wide entablature contains tri-glyphs, and the pilasters of the...

Brayton

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The Brayton Town Hall (1940), at the northeast corner of Main Street and county road T, is one of the many WPA public buildings constructed in Iowa during the depression of the 1930s. Almost all of the designs for town halls in Iowa employ the PWA Moderne image. The Brayton...

Carroll

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Approaching Carroll from the east on US 30 (near Glidden), one sees an impressive, quite large corncrib made up of two semi-circular masonry units; they are separated by a central wood section and held in place by a single roof with a gable-roofed monitor at the center of...

Carter Lake (near Council Bluffs)

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Carter Lake, although part of Iowa, is situated within a bend in the Missouri River that is now within the northern suburbs of Omaha, Nebraska. At 301 Locust Street is the Old Dutch Mill (now Carter Lake Bait and Tackle) (c. 1931). Here one is...

Casey

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

At the southeast corner of Logan and McPherson streets is the Abram Rutt National Bank building (1915), now the Security State Bank. This was one of an array of smaller bank buildings designed throughout the upper Midwest by the Lytle Company of Sioux City. Generally the bank...

Cherokee

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Proceeding up the hill to 801 West Main Street, one will find a magnificent Queen Anne dwelling visible through a thick grove of shrubs and trees. The building's ground floor is sheathed in stone; above, the walls are divided into a variety of repeated and connected...

Council Bluffs

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The city of Council Bluffs was platted in 1854 on a wide bend of the Missouri River. To the east was a series of high bluffs cut into by deep, narrow valleys. As the city grew, it spread farther out onto the river plain to the west, and at the same time its...

Denison

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The town site was platted by the Providence Western Land Company, and it was named for one of its agents, the Reverend Jesse W. Denison. The site selected was close to the geographic center of the county, and it had the advantage of being located between the Boyer and East...

Elk Horn (and Kimballton)

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Elk Horn and nearby Kimballton are the self-proclaimed capitals of the Danish settlement in Iowa. A Danish windmill ( MW046) is a landmark there.

The local house museum, the Bestemors House, is...

Glenwood

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The community was originally settled by the Mormons in 1846 and 1847. “This little city,” Andreas wrote in 1875, “is romantically embowered in one of the finest groves in the valley of Keg Creek.” 4In 1853 the town...

Grand Junction

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

One mile east of the central Iowa community of Grand Junction (and .5 miles north on route P46) is one of the most well known true-round barns in Iowa. As Lowell J. Soike has pointed out, the barn—constructed by Beecher Lamb in 1911 for Henry A. and Martha Frantz—was...

Greenfield

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The town was established in 1856, and because of its central location it became the county seat in 1875. The downtown is oriented around a large public square that contains the Adair County Courthouse. This brick and stone-trim Richardsonian Romanesque courthouse was...

Griswold

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Within the western Cass County community of Griswold are two pairs of interesting houses, across the street from one other. At 407 Fifth Street is the two-story Gude house ( MW050). Next door, at 411 Fifth Street, is the...

Guthrie Center

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The John W. Foster house is most appropriately located on Prairie Street (at 706), for it is a version of the large brick-sheathed Prairie houses popularized by the Chicago architect George W. Maher. In the Foster house the architect Henry K. Holsman, also of Chicago...

Harlan

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Harlan was founded in the mid-1850s on a site near the West Nishnabotna River close to the geographic center of Shelby County. The offices and court of the county were transferred to the town shortly after it was established. The usual courthouse square and a block for a...

Hartley

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

One of the most effective ways of updating a motion picture theater was to change its marquee, especially in the 1930s and later. Since the prime time for a theater was in the evening, the lighted marquee in many cases “became” the building. The name of the theater could be...

Hawarden

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

This community situated on the east bank of the Big Sioux River contains two buildings by William L. Steele, the Prairie architect from Sioux City. These are the Hawarden City Hall (1918), and the First National Bank and Masonic Hall building (1907). The bank building is...

Hospers

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Usually, naive sculptural monuments, or follies, are created on a personal level, and although they are almost always meant to be on view, their location and stance are not public. Here in Hospers, a small town on the Floyd River in northwestern Iowa, one will come across a...

Ida Grove

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Though founded in the late 1850s on the southeast bank of the Maple River, Ida Grove has the atmosphere of a town that evolved between the 1960s and the present. The person responsible for its contemporary form is Byron God-bersen, the owner of Midwest Industries, a...

Jefferson

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Jefferson's grid plan, with the usual provision of a courthouse square, was laid out in 1854. The site was a high tableland located between the North Raccoon River and Hardin Creek. Two mills, the Eurel Mill and the Jefferson Mill, were situated on the nearby river. The...

Larchwood

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

About 8 miles northwest of Larchwood, at the extreme northwestern point of Iowa, is the Gutchie Manitou State Monument. This 48-acre park situated on the east bank of the Big Sioux River was originally a stone quarry worked by state prison laborers. It was one of the...

LeMars

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The town of LeMars was established in 1869 and became the seat of Plymouth County in 1872. The grid plat of the town was laid out on the flat prairie southeast of the junction of the Floyd River and Deer Creek. By the mid-1870s the town was connected by rail to Sioux City to...

Logan

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The architectural centerpiece of Logan is the Harrison County Courthouse (1910), designed by the Detroit architect J. E. Mills. The architect produced a conventional Beaux-Arts design in its detailing, although its form and proportions—linear, sharply angular, and vertical—...

Massena

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

The Dygdrt house, just east of Massena, is a good illustration of how the Streamline Moderne style of the thirties continued into the immediate post-World War II years. The house was designed and built by its owner, Harold Dygdrt, and supposedly based upon a 1930s house he...

Missouri Valley

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Three miles northeast of the community of Missouri Valley, on Iowa 30, is the Harrison County Historical Village. A number of buildings have been moved to this site, among them an 1853 log cabin, an 1856 stage depot, a schoolhouse, and a small chapel. The village is...

Moville

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Moville is situated on the West Fork of the Little Sioux River, some 20 miles due east from Sioux City. Much of Woodbury County, including the region of Moville, is an open and gently rolling prairie. Since the late 1860s, Moville has been connected to Sioux City by road;...

Oakland

By: David Gebhard and Gerald Mansheim

Oakland presents a classic example of a restored turn-of-the-century downtown that one might find anywhere in the Midwest ( MW087). The town is sited into a hill, its main street running at the base of the hill.

On...

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